專升本英語必須要掌握的十大時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)!

瀏覽次數(shù):次 發(fā)布時(shí)間:2022-04-26

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1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

(1)概念:表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的情況;有規(guī)律出現(xiàn)的情況;總是發(fā)生的;事實(shí)真理。

(2)時(shí)間狀語:always, usually, often, sometimes, every week/day/year/month…, once a week/day/year/month…, on Sundays/Mondays…, etc.

(3)基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+動(dòng)詞原形(如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),動(dòng)詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式)

(4)否定形式:主語+am/is/are+not+其他;此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞,則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用doesn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

(5)一般疑問句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句首;用助動(dòng)詞do提問,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用 does,同時(shí),還原行為動(dòng)詞。eg:①It seldom snows here.這里很少下雪。②He is always ready to help others. 他總是樂于幫助別人。③Action speaks louder than words. 事實(shí)勝雄辯。

2、一般過去時(shí)

(1)概念:過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài);過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。

(2)時(shí)間狀語:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last year/night/month…, in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time,etc.

(3)基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式或be的過去式+名詞

(4)否定形式:主語+was/were+not+其他;在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。

(5)一般疑問句:was或were放于句首;用助動(dòng)詞do的過去式did提問,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。eg:①She often came to help us in those days.那些天她經(jīng)常來幫助我們。②I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你這么忙。

3、一般將來時(shí)

(1)概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。

(2)時(shí)間狀語:tomorrow, next day/week/month/year…, soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow, etc.

(3)基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+am/is/are+going to+do+其它;主語+will/shall+do+其它

(4)否定形式:主語+am /is/are not going to+do;主語+will/shall not do+其它5.一般疑問句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。(首字母大寫)eg:①They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他們將在學(xué)習(xí)中與我們競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。②It is going to rain.天要下雨了。

4、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

(1)概念:過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

(2)時(shí)間狀語:yet, already, just, never, ever, so far, by now, since+時(shí)間點(diǎn),for+時(shí)間段,recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.

(3)基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+have/has+過去分詞+其它

(4)否定形式:主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其它

(5)一般疑問句:have或has放句首。eg:①I've written an article. 我已經(jīng)寫了一篇論文。②The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 在過去的幾年,農(nóng)村發(fā)生了巨大的變化。

5、過去完成時(shí)

(1)概念:過去發(fā)生或者已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

(2)時(shí)間狀語:before, by the end of last year/term/month, etc.

(3)基本結(jié)構(gòu):had+done.

(4)否定形式:had+not+done.

(5)一般疑問句:had 放于句首。

(6)用法:

1)在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中。eg:She said (that) she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她從來沒有去過巴黎。

2)在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中,發(fā)生在先,用過去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后,用一般過去時(shí)。eg:When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達(dá)時(shí),小偷們?cè)缇团芰恕?/span>

3)表示意向的動(dòng)詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,suppose等,用過去完成時(shí)表示"原本…,未能…"。eg:①We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那時(shí)我們希望你能來,但是你沒有來。②I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我剛打開門,他就打了我。(注意:had hardly… when... 剛......就......)③He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車,轉(zhuǎn)眼又賣了。(注意:had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……)

6、將來完成時(shí)

(1)概念:狀態(tài)完成:表示某事繼續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)為止一直有的狀態(tài);動(dòng)作完成:表示將來某一時(shí)或另一個(gè)將來的動(dòng)作之前,已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

(2)時(shí)間狀語:by then, by this time tomorrow, etc.

(3)基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+will+have done+其它。

(4)否定形式:主語+will+not+have done+其它。

(5)一般疑問句:will放于句首eg:①They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時(shí)他們就結(jié)婚將有20年了。②You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此時(shí),你已經(jīng)到達(dá)上海了。

7、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

(1)概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。

(2)時(shí)間狀語:Now, at this time, days, look, listen, etc.

(3)基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+be+doing+其它

(4)否定形式:主語+be+not+doing+其它

(5)一般疑問句:把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。eg:①Are you feeling good today?你今天感覺如何?②He is doing well in his lessons.在課上他表現(xiàn)得很好。

8、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

(1)概念:表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。

(2)時(shí)間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語等。

(3)基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+was/were+doing+其它

(4)否定形式:主語+was/were+not+doing+其它

(5)一般疑問句:把was或were放于句首。(第一個(gè)字母大寫)eg:①At that time she was working in a company. 那段時(shí)間她在一家公司工作。②When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. 他進(jìn)來時(shí),我正在讀報(bào)紙。

9、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)

(1)概念:表示將來某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,或者按計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生的事情。

(2)時(shí)間狀語:soon,tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening, etc.

(3)基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+will+be+going to+do+其它。

(4)否定形式:主語+will+not+be going to+do+其它;主語+would/should+not+do.

(5)一般疑問句:will放于句首。eg:①She'll be coming soon. 她會(huì)很快來的。②By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach. 明天此時(shí),我正躺在海灘上。

10、過去將來時(shí)

(1)概念:立足于過去某一時(shí)刻,從過去看將來,常用于賓語從句中。

(2)時(shí)間狀語:The next day/morning/year…, the following month/week…, etc.

(3)基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語+was/were+going to+do+其它;主語+would/should+do+其它

(4)否定形式:主語+was/were+not+going to+do+其它;主語+would/should+not+do.

(5)一般疑問句:was或were放于句首;would/should提到句首eg:①He said he would go to Beijing the next day. 他說他第二天要去北京。②I asked who was going there. 我問,誰要去那里。


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