專升本英語(yǔ)備考不僅需要掌握大量詞匯,一些基本語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)也需要同學(xué)們掌握,下面是湖南專升本網(wǎng)整理的英語(yǔ)八大時(shí)態(tài)用法詳解,趕緊get 起來(lái)吧!
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
1. 概念:立足于過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻,從過(guò)去看將來(lái),常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。
2. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):the next day (morning, year), the following month (week)等。
3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu):
(1)主語(yǔ)+ was / were / going to do sth
(2)主語(yǔ)+ would do sth
否定形式:
(1)主語(yǔ)+ was / were / not + going to do sth
(2)主語(yǔ)+ would + not + do sth
一般疑問(wèn)句:
(1)was或were放于句首;
(2)would 提到句首。
4. 用法:
(1)“would + 動(dòng)詞原形”常表示主觀意愿的將來(lái)。
如:He said he would come to see me. 他說(shuō)他要來(lái)看我。
(2)“was / were + going to + 動(dòng)詞原形”常表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的事。
如:She said she was going to start off at once.
I was told that he was going to return home.
此結(jié)構(gòu)還可表示根據(jù)某種跡象來(lái)看,很可能或即將發(fā)生的事情。
如:It seemed as if it was going to rain. 看來(lái)好像要下雨。
(3)come,go,leave,arrive,start等瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的含義。
如:He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.
She told me she was coming to see me.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1. 概念:過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且有可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
2. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):recently, lately, since, for, in the past few years等。
3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+ have / has + done +其他
否定形式:主語(yǔ)+ have / has + not +done +其他
一般疑問(wèn)句:Have / Has +主語(yǔ) + done +其他
4. since的三種用法:
(1) since +過(guò)去的一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980, last month, half past six)。
如:I have been here since 1989.
(2) since +一段時(shí)間+ ago。
如:I have been here since five months ago.
(3)since +從句(一般過(guò)去時(shí))。
如:Great changes have taken place since you left.
比較since和for
since 用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間,for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)度。
如:We haven’t had any guests since we moved in here.
I have lived here for more than twenty years.
注意:并非有for 作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)
過(guò)去完成時(shí)
1. 概念:以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為參照,在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為,或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前已完成的動(dòng)作,即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。
2. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):before, by the end of last year(term, month)等。
3. 基本結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+ had done +其他
否定形式:主語(yǔ)+ hadn’t done +其他
一般疑問(wèn)句:had置于句首。
4. 用法:
(1)用于told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中。
如:She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
(2)在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中,發(fā)生在先的動(dòng)作用過(guò)去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后的動(dòng)作用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
如:When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
(3)表示意向的動(dòng)詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“原本······,未能······”。
如:We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.
注意: had hardly… when ... 剛······就······。
如:I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我剛打開(kāi)門(mén),他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 剛······就······。
如:He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車,轉(zhuǎn)眼又賣了。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
1. 概念:表示經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。
2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu):
(1)主語(yǔ)+ be動(dòng)詞(is / am / are)+表語(yǔ)
(2)主語(yǔ)+ 行為動(dòng)詞的原形或單數(shù)第三人稱形式+其他
否定形式:
(1)am / is /are + not;
(2)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞,則在其前加don’t,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù),則用doesn’t,同時(shí)行為動(dòng)詞還原為原形。
3. 一般疑問(wèn)句:
(1)把is / am / are動(dòng)詞放于句首;
(2)用助動(dòng)詞do提問(wèn),如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does,同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。
4. 用法:
(1)表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
(2)表示客觀真理,客觀存在或科學(xué)事實(shí)。
如:The earth moves around the sun.
(3)表示格言或警句。
如:Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必?cái) ?/p>
注意:此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中,即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
如:Columbus proved that the earth is round.
(4)表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性等。
如:I don’t want so much.
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.
(5)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)含義
① come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來(lái),主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。
如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
— When does the bus star?
— It stars in ten minutes.
② 在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)句中。
如:When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me.
I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.
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