2024年專升本英語(yǔ)考試基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)(上)
距離專升本考試已不足一年,2024年升本人備考應(yīng)該提上日程了。今天小編給大家梳理了專升本英語(yǔ)考試中的高頻考點(diǎn)100個(gè),適合基礎(chǔ)比較薄弱的同學(xué),一定要認(rèn)真看看。
1、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)
規(guī)則變化+s/es、不規(guī)則變化(mouse-mice)、單復(fù)數(shù)同形、同一詞在不同意義下有可能可數(shù)有可能不可數(shù)
2、名詞所有格
‘s(表示有生命:Lily’s desk)、of所有格(表示無(wú)生命the window of the room)
3、名詞修飾語(yǔ)
只修飾可數(shù)名詞(each、every、a great many)、只修飾不可數(shù)名詞(little、a little、 alarge amount of)、都可以修飾(some、alot of、plenty of)
4、不定冠詞
(a/an單數(shù)不特指);定冠詞(the/this/that/these/those表特定)
5、such的用法
such作限定詞和all,no,any,some,other,anther等詞連用時(shí),such放后面。
如果such修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,且與不定冠詞連用時(shí)需置于其前;such前有no時(shí)不用冠詞。
6、so的用法
在believe,think,expect,suppose等詞后用so代替前文提出的觀點(diǎn)
在肯定句中表示與上文相同的情況,如:So do I.
7、all和both的用法
all三者或三者以上全部都,both二者都。all指整體或抽象事物時(shí)當(dāng)做單數(shù),指人時(shí)當(dāng)做復(fù)數(shù)。both做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
8、many修飾或替代可數(shù)名詞,much修飾或替代不可數(shù)名詞
many a 許多(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù))
a good/greatmany很多
as many as/asmuch as一樣多、差不多
9、little幾乎沒有,修飾不可數(shù)名詞
a little有一點(diǎn),修飾不可數(shù)名詞
few幾乎沒有,修飾可數(shù)名詞
a few有一點(diǎn),修飾可數(shù)名詞
10、形容詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)
原級(jí)比較:…is as good asmine.
表示少于或超過另一方:fewer than, morethan
易混淆短語(yǔ):as well as也…既…
as far as就…而言
11、比較級(jí)常見錯(cuò)誤:用much表強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)的誤用
She looks more younger than I.(×)
She looks much younger than I.(√)
12、介詞短語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)
except for除了
in place of代替
on behalf of代表
but for要不是
in front of在…前面
13、介詞across, over, through, past四個(gè)??冀樵~的區(qū)別
across 橫穿穿越,發(fā)生在物體表面
over 跨過越過,發(fā)生在物體上方
through 穿過,發(fā)生在某物空間內(nèi)
past 從旁經(jīng)過
14、易混淆的介詞短語(yǔ)
in all總共
after all畢竟
at all根本,常用在否定句中表強(qiáng)調(diào)
above all最重要的是,尤其是
15.序數(shù)詞前一定要加定冠詞the
改錯(cuò)???,序數(shù)詞與基數(shù)詞連用時(shí),序數(shù)詞放在前面,如the first one。
16、will和would的用法(???
will常與第二人稱you連用,表示征求對(duì)方意見,will you/won’t you?
would更委婉客氣一些,常用短語(yǔ):would like to dowould rather寧愿
17、虛擬語(yǔ)氣
一種指與事實(shí)相反或不可能發(fā)生。?
“虛擬條件句+虛擬主句”的結(jié)構(gòu)都屬于這一類;
even if、even though、as if、as though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)中如果需要用到虛擬語(yǔ)氣也屬于這一類;
wish、would rather后面接的賓語(yǔ)從句表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,還是屬于這一類。
另一種指與事實(shí)實(shí)際是否發(fā)生沒有直接關(guān)系。
如suggest、order、demand等表示建議、命令、要求等相關(guān)的名詞性從句都屬于這一類。
18、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)的2種情況:
擬定或安排好的事情、一定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作:The train arrives at 10.
在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)
過去即將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作:
was/were about todo sth.
20、句子中出現(xiàn)過去時(shí),才會(huì)使用過去完成時(shí)表過去的過去-一直延續(xù)到過去的動(dòng)作
I was tired. I had been working sincedawn.
21、常用句型:
It is adj. for sb.to do sth.
It is adj. of sb. to do sth.(形容詞評(píng)價(jià)某人)
經(jīng)常接疑問詞+不定式的動(dòng)詞:
learn, ask, discuss, explain, know, remember, forget, understand, think, consider, decide.
如 I have to learn how to study English.
23、主謂一致
the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)
a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)
Some, plenty of , a lot of,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)所修飾的詞而定
a quantity of謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);large quantities of謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)
24、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就近一致:
either…or…/neither…nor…/not only…but also…謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和靠近的主語(yǔ)一致(常考)
25、同位語(yǔ)從句
常跟同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞或短語(yǔ)(???:belief /doubt /hope /report /word /opinion /idea…使用舉例:We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.
26、直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)
變間接引語(yǔ)要向前推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)!
例:
He said, ”I am sorry.”
He said that he was sorry.
27、定語(yǔ)從句who/whom的用法(介詞+whom)例:
He is the man who lives next door.
I have many friends to whom I am going to send postcards.
28、定語(yǔ)從句that/which的用法,通??梢曰Q,但下列情況必須用that(改錯(cuò)???:
先行詞是all,much,few,little,something等不定代詞
先行詞有the only,thesame,the very修飾時(shí)
主句是以which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)
先行詞既有物又有人時(shí),先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)
as和which用法辨析,引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句
as的先行詞只能是句子,which的先行詞可以是詞。
30、表示一…就的引導(dǎo)詞
as soonas/immediately/instantly/the moment/no sooner than/hardly
no sooner與hardly在句首時(shí)
要求句子倒裝
32、so that 連用引導(dǎo)目的/結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
so adj./adv./many/few+that:There is so little time that…
such adj.+名詞+that:Kathy is such a lovely girl that…
33、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:It is/was 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分 that/who 句子剩余部分,和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:
It was 8 when I left home.(定語(yǔ)從句)
34、"wish +賓語(yǔ)從句",表示不大 可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望
表示現(xiàn)在的不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望:主語(yǔ)+過去時(shí);
表示過去的不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望:主語(yǔ)+had done;
表示將來(lái)的不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望:主語(yǔ)+would/could do
35、It was + 時(shí)間段+before…."過了多久才……"
It was not long before…."不久,就……"
It will (not) be +時(shí)間段+before…."要過多久(不久)……才……"(before從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用一般時(shí)態(tài))
36. as if/though+主語(yǔ)+did/had done…好像……(表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況用過去時(shí);表示過去的情況用過去完成時(shí))
[例句]
Our head teacher treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in our class think highly of her.
37、as, though, although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
[注意]
although位于句首;though位于句首或句中;as位于句中=though。它的詞序是把句中強(qiáng)調(diào)的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或名詞放在連詞前。
38、in case of…(+n.) "以防;萬(wàn)一";
in case that…"以防,萬(wàn)一……"(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或should+動(dòng)詞原形)
39、作文段首高分句型
關(guān)于……人們有不同的觀點(diǎn)。一些人認(rèn)為……
There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that____.
俗話說(常言道)……,它是我們前輩的經(jīng)歷,但是,即使在今天,它在許多場(chǎng)合仍然適用。
There is an old saying that______. It"s the experience of our fore fathers;however,it is correct in many cases even today.
現(xiàn)在,……,它們給我們的日常生活帶來(lái)了許多危害。首先,……;其次,……。更為糟糕的是……。
Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____Second,____. What makes things worse is that______.
關(guān)于……人們的觀點(diǎn)各不相同,一些人認(rèn)為(說)……,在他們看來(lái),……
People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that______.To them,_____.
40、作文中間段落高分句型
相反,有一些人贊成……,他們相信……,而且,他們認(rèn)為……。
On the contrary,there are some people in favor of___.At the same time,they say____.
但是,我認(rèn)為這不是解決……的好方法,比如……。最糟糕的是……。
But I don’t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example,____.Worst of all,___.
對(duì)我們國(guó)家的發(fā)展和建設(shè)是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。首先,……。而且……,最重要的是……
______isnecessary and important to our country"s development and construction.First,______.What’s more, _____.Most important of all,______.
為什么……?第一個(gè)原因是……;第二個(gè)原因是……;第三個(gè)原因是……??偟膩?lái)說,……的主要原因是由于……
Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.Thethird is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______ is due to ______.I fully agree on the statement that ______ because______.
41、作文結(jié)尾段落高分句型
至于我,在某種程度上我同意后面的觀點(diǎn),我認(rèn)為……
As far as I am concerned, I agree on the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ____.
總而言之,整個(gè)社會(huì)應(yīng)該密切關(guān)注……這個(gè)問題。只有這樣,我們才能在將來(lái)……。
In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future.
但是,……和……都有它們各自的優(yōu)勢(shì)(好處)。例如,……,而……。然而,把這兩者相比較,我更傾向于(喜歡)……
But ______and ______have their own advantages. For example, _____, while_____.Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______.
就我個(gè)人而言,我相信……,因此,我堅(jiān)信美好的未來(lái)正等著我們。因?yàn)椤?/p>
Personally, I believe that_____. Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______.
至于我(對(duì)我來(lái)說,就我而言),我認(rèn)為……更合理。只有這樣,我們才能……
For my part, I think it reasonable to_____. Only in this way can we _____.
42、英語(yǔ)作文表達(dá)常用句型短語(yǔ)(表達(dá)原因)
A number of factors are accountable for this situation.
The answer to this problem involves many factors.
The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...
Perhaps the primary factor is that …
43、表示比較
The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.
The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.
A may be prefer able to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...
It is reasonable to maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim that...
For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.
Like anything else, it has its faults.
It is true that A ... , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are ...
44、表示批駁
It is true that ..., but one vital point is being left out.
There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more importantfact.
Some people say ..., but it does not hold water.
Many of us have been under the illusion that...
Too much stress placed on ... may lead to ...
Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ...
45、表示后果
It may give rise to a host of problems.
The immediate result it produces is ...
It will exercise a profound influence upon...
Its consequence can be so great that...
46、將要舉例
A good case inpoint is ...
Such examples might be given easily.
...is often cited as an example.
47、表示證明
No one can deny the fact that ...
The idea is hardly supported by facts.
Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ...
Recent studiesindicate that ...
There is sufficient evidence to show that ...
According to statistics proved by ..., it can be seen that ...
48、反義疑問句速記口訣:
反意問句三要點(diǎn),前后謂語(yǔ)正相反;
短句not如出現(xiàn),必須縮寫是習(xí)慣;
最后一點(diǎn)應(yīng)注意,短句主語(yǔ)代詞填
49、短文改錯(cuò)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)四要法:
要先瀏覽全文,知道大意
要通過找句號(hào)把長(zhǎng)句子拆分出來(lái)
要分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),再?gòu)摹岸?、缺、錯(cuò)、對(duì)”四方面細(xì)看
要通讀改后的文章,用語(yǔ)感通查
50、短文改錯(cuò)四看法:
看有無(wú)一致性問題(主謂一致、單復(fù)數(shù)一致)
看有無(wú)搭配錯(cuò)誤(動(dòng)賓搭配、介詞搭配)
看詞法和語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤(冠詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞誤用)
看每行每句間的邏輯錯(cuò)誤(甚至有外形相同的詞匯誤用)
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